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BerichtGeplaatst: 23-05-2019 03:30:59    Onderwerp: Xinhua: Does that mean having pos Reageren met citaat
SAN FRANCISCO Nike Vapormax Scontate , July 4 (Xinhua) -- Researchers with the University of California, San Francisco, have mapped in detail a protein complex called NOMPC, which acts as a "mechanoreceptor" in animals from fruit flies to fish and frogs, and is tasked to detect cells' motion to produce senses of touch and hearing.


The structure, reported in a recent issue of the journal Nature Air Vapormax Plus Scontate , reveals a machine that depends on a quartet of tiny springs that tether the complex to the cell's "skeleton" and react to its movement.


As senses go, each relies on "receptor" molecules that turn signals like light, sound, and movement into electrical impulses for nerves to carry to the brain. Researchers have a fairly complete understanding of how receptors in the eye translate light into sight, and they've mapped many of the proteins in the nose and mouth that translate chemical signals into smell and taste.


However, the mechanoreceptors are still mysterious.


The NOMPC receptor in the new study Air Vapormax Flyknit Scontate , which is not found in mammals, was mapped in such detail thanks to recent technological breakthroughs in a technique known as single particle electron cryo-microscopy. Using this technique, the NOMPC receptor was revealed as a bundle of four identical proteins that sits in a cell's membrane, each with a spring-like tether reaching into the cell.


Previous experiments in the lab of Yuh Nung Jan, a senior author on the study and professor of physiology at UCSF, have shown that the receptor does not respond to movements in the membrane alone Air Vapormax Nere Scontate , but that larger movements in the cytoskeleton, the network of structural fibers that allow the cell to hold its shape, cause bundle to open up, forming a hole in the cell's membrane. Charged ions rush through the hole into the cell, creating an electrical impulse that signals touch to the nervous system.


And previously mapped touch receptors float free in the cell membrane, responding only when their particular patch of the cell's surface changes shape.


The new structural data show how NOMPC's spring-like tethers might tie it to the cytoskeleton Air Vapormax Bianche Scontate , potentially enabling the receptor to sense distant changes in the cell's shape. "This is the first tethered receptor to be modeled in such detail," Peng Jin, a postdoc in the Jan lab and one of the lead authors on the study, was quoted as saying in a news release. "We were surprised to see that nature has created its own tiny spring to tie the receptor to the cytoskeleton."


To fully understand how channels like NOMPC open and close, researchers must observe the structure of the channels in both open and closed states. And the proteins that coordinate the mechanical senses, like touch and hearing Air Vapormax Scontate Saldi , must be directly pulled or twisted open by microscopic forces. "It's difficult to apply a directional force to all these individual molecules," said David Bulkley, the other lead author on the study. "And we don't know which direction will activate the channel -- do you pull it, do you push it, do you twist it?"


To work around this problem, the researchers are looking to find ways to force the channel open Air Vapormax Scontate Uomo , perhaps by finding a molecule that binds to and locks open the protein, or by producing mutant versions of the protein which are stuck in the "open" position.


BERLIN, Feb. 14 (Xinhua) -- Interview: Philipp Lahm, captain of FC Bayern Munich


By Oliver Trust


"Real last year was just a defeat"


Xinhua: Let' s start with the hard stuff to come?


Lahm: (laughing) "You don' t want to talk about Real, Chelsea, Barcelona and the other top Champions League teams?"


Xinhua: How do you know?


Lahm: "Everybody around us seems to be only talking about Real. But we play Schachtjor Donezk next Tuesday Scarpe Air Vapormax Scontate , right?"


Xinhua: Right. But after the semifinal of last year' s campaign, people are thinking about what Bayern is up to change things regarding Real. So what is the team' s aim this year - some are saying only the Champions League and Real are what really counts?


Lahm: (laughing) "I see a lot of other teams that will be a hard nut to crack. Bayern' s aim is always to win every possible title. That' s the clause you agree to when signing for the club. And the German title might be the most honest as it' s a season-long race. But right after that - we are looking to win the Champions League."


Xinhua: Frustration has been mountain high after the defeat in Champions League semifinal against Real Madrid last April. Some even say to win the Champions League in 20142015 is something that will ultimately decide the future of Pep Guardiola as Bayern' s coach - he too was extremely frustrated being beaten by Real 0-5 on aggregate.


Lahm: "You' re talking about Real again?"


Xinhua: How about Chelsea and Jose Mourinho this time?


Lahm: "Nice topic as well, but let me say something about the Real game. People on the outside may get the impression that Bayern is strong enough to win the Champions League. But thinking that means they have forgotten, it' s quite normal that every team loses every now and again. We try to see the defeat as unemotionally as possible - therefore it was just a defeat."


Xinhua: Does that mean having positive feelings to get over a defeat?


Lahm: "Not at all, nobody is happy about that. But let' s take a look at the facts: We managed to be successful after we won the treble even though many expected us to be less successful. Look at the post World Cup period. Many predicted the team' s performance would decline due to the energy sapping World Cup with seven Bayern players winning the title. On top of everything I' d just like to say, the team has developed in these periods Air Vapormax Scontate , meaning we have improved. It is an out and out positive thing to be aware, you can pick up speed again soon after crossing the finishing line first. If you lose something like a semifinal, it is good to think about yourJust how Boy Games Vary B. Cheap Jerseys Cheap Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys China Cheap College Jerseys From China Cheap NBA Basketball Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys Cheap College Football Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys Free Shipping Wholesale Jerseys From China Wholesale Jerseys Free Shipping
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